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Pinaceae - Pine Family

Abies

  • Cap and Bladders

  • Exine is very coarse in texture especially at the top of the cap

  • A swirled, finally rugulate surface pattern on cap 

  • Bladders appear to be loosely attached to the body

  • Bladders are reticulate

  • ~ 170 microns in size

Picea

  • Flatten Cap with Bladders

  • Bladder reticulum becomes finer closer to the body

  • Cap has fine and uniform texture

  • Bladders fold into the grain -- not wing like

  • ~ 150 microns

Pinus contorta

  • Diploxylon (no belly warts)

  • Cap 

  • Bladders

  • ~70 microns

Pseudotsuga menziesii

  • Spheroidal

  • Inaperturate

  • Can rupture to form two hemispheres or can resemble a furrow

  • Can have a folded appearance

  • Psilate

  • ~ 90 microns

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